Checklist for Adversaries

Beyond Intractability checklists offer users involved in various conflict situations lists of things to think about, along with links to sections of Beyond Intractability that relate to each item. Any person involved in an interpersonal conflict (as a disputant) might want to consider the following questions.

• Identify Stakeholders

  Have you identified the other people who are involved or are likely to become involved in this issue?

  For more information about this topic, see: Parties to Intractable Conflict, Disputants

• Clarify Goals

  Are you clear about your underlying goals and interests? Is restoring relationships an important (or your most important) interest?

  For more information about this topic, see: Setting Goals, Interests, Rebuilding Relationships, Integrative or Interest-Based Bargaining, Distributive Bargaining, Positional Bargaining, Creating and Claiming Value, Underlying Causes of Intractable Conflict, Frames, Framing and Reframing

• Determine the Conflict Stage

  Is the conflict latent, developing, or fully escalated? Has it become intractable? Is the conflict ripe for resolution, or do you feel it is in your best interest to continue with the status quo?

  For more information about this topic, see: Conflict Stages, What is Intractability?, Nature of Intractability, Ripeness, Ripeness-Promoting Strategies

• Learn the History

  Are there underlying issues that are contributing to your conflict?

  For more information about this topic, see: Unmet Human Needs, High-Stakes Distributional Issues, Underlying Causes of Conflict

• Unrightable Wrongs

  Does the conflict involve a history of unrightable wrongs? Are you aware of options for transforming such conflicts?

  For more information on this topic, see: Transformation, Apology and Forgiveness, Trauma Healing, Reconciliation

• Misunderstandings

  Do you know how much of the conflict might be attributable to misunderstandings? If not, do you know how to set up communication processes that might be able to answer this question? And, do you know how to set up communication processes that might limit these misunderstandings?

  For more information on this topic, see: Misunderstandings, Channels of Communication, In-Depth Communication, Cross-Cultural Communication, Interpersonal - Small-Scale Communication

• Culture and Conflict

  Are cultural misunderstandings contributing to the conflict? Are there differences between you and the other parties such as nationality, language, gender or age? Do you know some strategies for overcoming cultural differences?

  For more information about this topic, see: Culture and Conflict, Cultural and Worldview Frames, Communication Tools for Understanding Cultural Differences, Culture-Based Negotiation Styles, Cross-Cultural Communication, Women in Intractable Conflict

• Emotional and Psychological Dimensions

  Do you know to what extent your responses are due to emotional and psychological dimensions such as anger, fear, or prejudice? Do you know what is causing these reactions and how to address them?

  For more information on this topic, see: Psychological Dynamics, Ethos of Conflict, Prejudice, Anger, Fear, Distrust, Guilt and Shame, Humiliation, Face

• Fact-Finding

  Do you know how much of the conflict is attributable to disagreements regarding the basic facts? If not, do you know how to set up communication processes that might be able to answer this question? And, do you know how to set up joint fact-finding processes that might limit factual disagreements?

  For more information on this topic, see: Fact-Finding, Factual Disputes, Uncertainty, Obtaining Trustworthy Information, Distinguishing Facts from Values

• Escalation

  Do you know how much of the conflict is attributable to escalation and polarization? Have you developed and implemented effective steps to limit or reverse this effect?

  For more information on this topic, see: Escalation, Constructive Escalation, Polarization, Limiting Escalation - De-escalation

• Response Options

  Are you familiar with different response options?

  For more information on this topic, see: Peaceful Change Strategies, Conflict Assessment, Setting Goals, Activism, Empowerment, Negotiation, Rebuilding Relationships, Coalition Building

• Persuasion

  Do you have a strategy for explaining your goals and actions to other parties? For persuading others that your goals are reasonable and equitable?

  For more information on this topic, see: Channels of Communication, In-Depth Communication, Persuasion

• Trust

  Have you been able to earn the trust of people who are skeptical of your intentions and motivations?

  For more information on this topic, see: Trust and Trust Building, Managing Interpersonal Trust and Distrust, Limiting Escalation - De-escalation, Humanization of Extremists

• Power / BATNAs

  Are you clear about the nature of power and how it affects your "alternatives to a negotiated agreement?" Are you clear about the powers available to other stakeholders? Have you been able to demonstrate to people the powers that you are willing to use to defend your interests? (Here you should consider legal, political, and economic power as well as the ability to resist violent assaults.)

  For more information on this topic, see: Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA), Understanding Power, Coercive Power, Exchange Power, Integrative Power, Nonviolence, Power Inequities, Empowerment, Capacity Building, Sanctions, Incentives

• Violence

  If the conflict becomes violent, do you have a strategy for de-escalating the violence and preventing it from occurring again?

  For more information on this topic, see: Limiting Escalation and De-Escalation, Preventing Interpersonal Violence

• Complexity

  If the conflict you are involved in has become overly complex, do you understand theories of complexity and how to deal with it?

  For more information on this topic, see: Complexity, Complex Adaptive Systems, Incrementalism

• Dispute Systems Design

  Do you expect a continuing series of similar disputes? Do you know about options for developing a system for the handling of routine disputes?

  For more information on this topic, see: Designing New Dispute Resolution Systems

• Envisioning the Future

  Have you envisioned the end goals of your peacebuilding process?

  For more information on this topic, see: Envisioning, Stable Peace